Lassa fever is a viral illness caused by the Lassa virus, which is primarily found in West Africa. It is classified as a type of viral hemorrhagic fever. The disease is typically transmitted to humans through contact with the excreta or urine of infected rodents, particularly the Mastomys rat, which is common in many rural areas. Human-to-human transmission can also occur, especially in healthcare settings where proper precautions are not taken.
Symptoms of Lassa fever usually appear 1 to 3 weeks after exposure and can range from mild to severe. Early symptoms may include fever, malaise, and weakness. As the illness progresses, more severe symptoms can develop, such as bleeding from the mouth, nose, or other orifices, abdominal pain, and respiratory distress. In some cases, the disease can lead to multi-organ failure and can be fatal if not treated promptly.
Preventive measures include maintaining good hygiene, avoiding contact with rodents, and ensuring proper sanitation in areas where the disease is prevalent. Awareness and education about the transmission of Lassa fever are crucial in controlling its spread, especially in high-risk regions.
